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HMAS Hobart (D63)
HMAS ''Hobart'' was a modified ''Leander''-class light cruiser which served in the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) during World War II. Originally constructed for the Royal Navy as HMS ''Apollo'', the ship entered service in 1936, and was sold to Australia two years later. During the war, ''Hobart'' was involved in the evacuation of British Somaliland in 1940, fought at the Battle of the Coral Sea and supported the amphibious landings at Guadalcanal and Tulagi during 1942, was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine in 1943, then returned to service in 1945 and supported the landings at Tarakan, Wewak, Brunei, and Balikpapan. ''Hobart'' was placed in reserve in 1947, but plans to modernise her and return her to service as an aircraft carrier escort, training ship, or guided missile ship were not followed through. The cruiser was sold for scrapping in 1962.
==Design and construction==
The ship was one of three Modified ''Leander''-class light cruisers constructed for the Royal Navy. The main difference to the previous five ''Leander''s was that the newer ships had their machinery and propulsion equipment organised in two self-contained units (separated fore and aft), allowing the ship to continue operating if one set was damaged.〔 The two exhaust funnels, one for each machinery space, gave the modified ships a different profile from the early ''Leander''s, which had a single funnel.〔Frame, ''HMAS Sydney'', p. 15〕 To cover the separate machinery spaces, the side armour was extended from , negating the weight reduction created by the separation.〔Frame, ''HMAS Sydney'', pp. 15–16〕 During design, it was planned to modify the forward-most and aft-most 6-inch turrets to be fitted with three guns instead of two, but the plan was cancelled when it was determined that the required alterations would cause several negative side effects, including reducing the ship's top speed and causing problems with effective fire control.〔Frame, ''HMAS Sydney'', p. 16〕
The cruiser was laid down at HM Dockyard, Devonport, England on 15 August 1933 as HMS ''Apollo''.〔Bastock, ''Australia's Ships of War'', p. 124〕 She was launched on 9 October 1934 by Lady Florence, wife of Admiral Sir William Boyle.〔〔 The ship was commissioned into the Royal Navy on 13 January 1936.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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